1.
Kleppang, Annette Lovheim, et al.
(författare)
Electronic media use and symptoms of depression among adolescents in Norway
2021
Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public library of science. - 1932-6203. ; 16:7
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to examine the association between electronic media use, including use of social media and gaming, and symptoms of depression, and whether gender or having friends moderated these associations. Methods This study was based on self-reported cross-sectional data from the Ungdata survey, conducted in 2018 by the Norwegian Social Research (NOVA) Institute in cooperation with seven regional drug and alcohol competence centres. The target group comprised 12,353 15-16 years old adolescents. Binominal logistic regression was used to analyse the association between electronic media use and symptoms of depression. Results The odds of having symptoms of depression were higher for those who used social media more than 3 hours per day (OR: 1.60, 95% CI: 1.43-1.80), compared to those who used social media 3 hours or less per day. Additionally, the odds of having symptoms of depression was higher for those who used more than 3 hours on gaming per day (OR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.36-1.80), compared to those who used 3 hours and less on gaming per day after adjustment for potential confounders. There were no interaction effects between social media and gaming use with symptoms of depression. Neither were the associations between social media use and gaming with symptoms of depression moderated by gender or having friends. Conclusions The odds of having symptoms of depression were significantly higher for adolescents with a more frequent use of electronic media.
2.
Ma, Li, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
The association between screen time and reported depressive symptoms among adolescents in Sweden
2021
Ingår i: Family practice. - Oxford : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1460-2229 .- 0263-2136. ; 38:6, s. 773-779
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
BACKGROUND: How screen use is associated with adolescents' mental health has been widely debated in public media during the last decade, but there is still lack of information about if and how the associations vary between types of electronic media. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine how time spent on types of screen use (social media, gaming alone, gaming in groups and watching TV) was associated with depressive symptoms among adolescents in Sweden, and whether gender moderated these associations. METHODS: We analysed data from the Swedish section of the Children of Immigrants: Longitudinal Survey in Four European Countries. The final sample consisted of 3556 eighth grade adolescents in 2011 (51% girls). We used logistic regression analysis to estimate the odds ratio of feeling depressed often versus less often/not at all using time spent on different types of screen use as predictor variables. Additionally, we tested interaction effects between gender and the predictor variables. RESULTS: Our results showed that spending more than 2 hours on social media was associated with higher odds of feeling depressed often compared with spending 2 hours or less. Not watching TV was associated with higher odds of feeling depressed often compared with watching TV. These patterns did not differ across genders. Gaming alone and gaming in groups were not associated with depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that more frequent social media use and not watching TV were associated with a higher level of depressive symptoms. © The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press. This study examined how time spent on four types of screen use including social media, gaming alone, gaming in groups and watching TV was associated with depressive symptoms among adolescents in Sweden, and whether these associations differed for girls and boys. We analysed data from the Swedish section of the Children of Immigrants: Longitudinal Survey in Four European Countries. The final sample consisted of 3556 eighth grade adolescents in 2011 (51% girls). We used logistic regression analysis to estimate the odds ratio of feeling depressed often versus less often/not at all using time spent on different types of screen use as predictor variables. In addition, we tested interaction effects between gender and the predictor variables. Our results showed that social media use and not watching TV was associated with higher odds of feeling depressed often. Gaming alone and gaming in groups were not associated with higher level of depressive symptoms. These patterns did not differ across genders.
3.
Evans, Brittany, et al.
(författare)
Classroom disorder and internalizing problems among swedish adolescents : Changes between 1988 and 2011
2020
Ingår i: Journal of School Health. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0022-4391 .- 1746-1561. ; 90:7, s. 554-563
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
BACKGROUND Internalizing problems have increased among Swedish adolescents. We examined whether classroom disorder was associated with internalizing problems and whether it explained the trends in internalizing problems. Furthermore, we examined whether school contextual factors were associated with internalizing problems and whether they moderated the association between classroom disorder and internalizing problems. METHODS We used repeated cross-sectional survey data (1988-2011) among all 15- to 16-year-old students in Varmland, Sweden (N = 9491 boys, N = 9313 girls). School-level factors were the proportions of students with a low/average socioeconomic or an immigration background. RESULTS Results from mixed effects models showed that classroom disorder was associated with internalizing problems across the years of investigation but did not explain the trends in internalizing problems. This association was moderated by the school-level proportion of students with a low/average socioeconomic background but not the school-level proportion of students with an immigration background. CONCLUSIONS Students who perceived their classroom to be disorderly more often also reported more internalizing problems. Future studies are necessary to investigate other potential school factors that may explain the trends in internalizing problems.
4.
Hagquist, Curt, 1952
(författare)
Worry and Psychosomatic Problems Among Adolescents in Sweden in the Wake of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Unequal Patterns Among Sociodemographic Groups?
2023
Ingår i: Journal of Adolescent Health. - : Elsevier BV. - 1054-139X .- 1879-1972. ; 72:5, s. 688-695
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
Purpose: To analyze potential associations between sociodemographic factors and adolescents' worry about family finances and other types of worries during the COVID-19 pandemic and the potential associations between different worry themes and psychosomatic problems. Methods: From December 2020 to March 2021, 3,068 16–17 years old students in Sweden completed a questionnaire about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on their schooling and everyday life. From April to June 2020, 70% of these students also responded to questions about their psychosomatic health. Logistic regression was applied to analyze the associations between sociodemographic factors and different worry themes and estimate the association between worry and psychosomatic problems. Results: Across all 13 worry themes, girls reported worry to a higher degree than boys. In most of the cases, adolescents with a lower parental educational background or immigrant background reported more frequent worrying. This was most evident for worry about family finances. The differences between adolescents with a Swedish background and those with a foreign background were large except for worry about climate change. All worry themes were associated with the students' psychosomatic health. Those who often or always experienced worry were more likely to report psychosomatic problems. Worry about family finances showed the highest odds ratio and marginal effect. Discussion: Worry about family finances during the COVID-19 pandemic turns out to be a strong and socially structured stressor that may widen the health inequalities among young people. This underlines the need for preventive and promoting measures aimed at supporting socioeconomic disadvantaged groups.
5.
Hellström, Lisa, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
School effectiveness in Sweden : psychometric properties of an instrument to measure pedagogical and social climate (PESOC) focusing on pedagogical leadership
2021
Ingår i: International Journal of Leadership in Education. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1360-3124 .- 1464-5092. ; 24:6, s. 855-875
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
Improving school effectiveness is a priority for many countries. The Swedish instrument Pedagogical and Social Climate in School (PESOC) has been widely used for measurement of school improvement. Since pedagogical leadership is an important component of school effectiveness, this study aimed to describe the psychometric properties of the PESOC subscale of pedagogical leadership (PESOC-PLP). Participants were 344 teachers from 30 schools in Karlstad, Sweden. Rasch analysis indicated two subdimensions of the scale, corresponding to academic and social objectives. Analysis showed that the instrument worked invariantly across different sub groups and that the response categories functioned as intended. Small, if any, within-school response dependence was noted. PESOC-PLP may be a useful tool for school leaders when evaluating their success in fulfilling academic and social objectives. Given the global demand for measurement of school leadership, also researchers and educators outside Sweden may have interest in translating and adapting the PESOC-PLP scale. © 2019, © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
6.
Lönnfjord, Victoria, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
Students’ Perception of Efforts by School Staff to Counteract Bullying and Its Association with Students’ Psychosomatic Problems : an Ecological Approach
2024
Ingår i: Trends in Psychology. - : Springer. - 2358-1883. ; 32, s. 205-230
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between students’ perceptions of staff efforts to counteract bullying and students’ self-reported psychosomatic problems. Using an ecological framework, the associations were investigated in the light of contextual factors related to the students’ family, school, and peer group, as well as their personal characteristics. We used cross-sectional questionnaire data collected in 2009 and 2010 among 2 582 Swedish students aged between 13 and 15 years. Our main finding was that students’ perception of efforts by school staff to counteract bullying is an important factor in relation to their self-reported psychosomatic problems. Multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that the odds of having a higher degree of psychosomatic problems compared to lower degree of psychosomatic problems were about 2.5 times higher among students who reported that school staff members do little to counteract bullying. Analysis of interaction effects revealed that the strength of the association between students’ perception of staff efforts to counteract bullying and the students’ psychosomatic problems was not affected by different types of bullying experienced, nor was the strength of the association modified by the students’ personal characteristics or contextual situation. We conclude that social support from school staff is important in relation to students’ self-reported psychosomatic problems, irrespective of the students’ own experience of bullying. The results underline the importance of promoting a school climate and school culture that support staff members’ opportunities, abilities, and willingness to prevent bullying.
7.
Lönnfjord, Victoria, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
The association between disability, school achievement expectations, self-efficacy and psychosomatic problems among Swedish adolescents attending compulsory regular school
2023
Ingår i: Children & society. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0951-0605 .- 1099-0860. ; 37:4, s. 1294-1313
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
The purpose was to investigate the association between disability, and psychosomatic problems among adolescents at compulsory regular school also taking into account parental and student achievement expectations and student self-efficacy. We analysed cross-sectional questionnaire data collected in 2010, from 2004 Swedish adolescents. The results showed that the degree of psychosomatic problems and self-efficacy varied with regard to whether the adolescent reported having a disability or not. The distribution of parents’ and adolescents’ own achievement expectations did not differ significantly with regard to having a disability. Neither achievement expectations nor self-efficacy did moderate the association between disability and psychosomatic problems.
8.
Ma, Li, et al.
(författare)
Leisure time physical activity and depressive symptoms among adolescents in Sweden
2020
Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : BMC. - 1471-2458. ; 20:1
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
BackgroundMental health problems have increased noticeably among adolescents. Physical activity has been identified as an important factor in the promotion of mental health. The purpose of this study was to explore how leisure time physical activity was associated with depressive symptoms among adolescents in Sweden.MethodsUsing binary logistic regression we analyzed Swedish data collected as part of the Children of Immigrants: Longitudinal Survey in Four European Countries. The complete sample used for analysis consisted of 3787 adolescents (including 1855 boys and 1932 girls).ResultsAdolescents who participated in physical activity during their leisure time on a daily, weekly, or monthly basis had substantially lower odds of often feeling depressed than those who were physically inactive. This pattern applied to both boys and girls. Relative to boys, girls had significantly higher odds of often feeling depressed.ConclusionsThe findings of this study suggested that participation in physical activity regularly during leisure time was associated with a lower level of depressive symptoms among adolescents in Sweden. Because of the cross-sectional study design conclusions about causality cannot be drawn. Future research based on longitudinal data is needed to further explore the mechanisms behind the association. This study calls for recognition of the value of physical activity in promoting mental health among adolescents.
9.
10.
Norell-Clarke, Annika, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
How do children and adolescents of separated parents sleep? An investigation of custody arrangements, sleep habits, sleep problems and sleep duration in Sweden
2022
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt) abstract
Objectives: An increasing number of children and adolescents divide their time between their separated parents' homes. Although marital conflict is disadvantageous for children's sleep, little is known about how children of separated parents sleep. The objective was to investigate the association between children's custody arrangements and sleep habits and sleep initiation difficulties.Design: Cross sectional nationally representative samples of adolescents from the WHO study Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) (n = 11,802).Setting: Sweden in 2013/2014 and 2017/2018.Participants: Adolescents in grades 5, 7, and 9 from Swedish compulsory comprehensive school.Measurements: The survey included questions on sleep behaviors including bedtime, wake-up time and frequency of sleep onset problems. The analysis methods used were ordinary least squares and logistic regression.Results: The results show differences by custody arrangement, but they are not uniform across the dependent variables. Children and adolescents in sole maternal custody were less likely to sleep as much as recommended (P < .001), more likely to have late bedtimes (P < .001), report sleep initiation difficulties (P < .01) and to report social jetlag between school mornings and weekends (P < .05) compared to those in 2-parent families. Shared physical custody was associated with a higher likelihood of late bedtimes (P < .05) and sleep initiation difficulties (P < .05) compared to those in 2-parent families, but not of sleeping less than recommended or reporting social jetlag. Less-than-equal sharing was generally associated with worse sleep than in 2-parent families.Conclusions: As custody arrangements seem to be associated with sleep, it is important to understand the mechanisms behind the findings.
